配置ArchLinux+slim+openbox+tint2等
archlinux安装使用也有一段时间了,也没时间整理安装笔记,就一股脑发上来吧
archlinux基本系统安装见安装ArchLinux,接下来配置ArchLinux+slim+openbox+tint2等
一、用户管理(增加普通用户),如果看不到中文,运行export en_US.UTF-8(LANG=en_US.UTF-8) useradd -m -s /bin/bash saxon passwd saxon
二、启用multilib仓库(32位库) vi /etc/pacman.conf去掉multilib的注释 pacman -Syy
三、图形界面 1、安装X pacman -S xorg-server xorg-xinit xorg-utils xorg-server-utils (或者pacman -S xorg) pacman -S mesa (3D支持) 2、安装显卡驱动 (virtualbox里的,真实机看wiki) pacman -Ss virtualbox pacman -S virtualbox-guest-iso pacman -S virtualbox-guest-utils modprobe -a vboxguest vboxsf vboxvideo vi /etc/modules-load.d/virtualbox.conf vboxguest vboxsf vboxvideo vi ~/.xinitrc在exec前加入 /usr/bin/VBoxClient-all 真实机: pacman -Ss xf86-video-ati 3、安装输入设备驱动 如果有触摸版,执行 pacman -S xf86-input-synaptics 4、配置X(无操作) 5、测试X(可略过?未证实) pacman -S xorg-twm xorg-xclock xterm startx exit
6、安装字体 pacman -S ttf-dejavu pacman -S wqy-bitmapfont pacman -S wqy-microhei pacman -S wqy-zenhei
接下来就是窗口、登陆管理器等 #窗口管理器openbox https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Openbox pacman -S openbox obmenu oblogout obconf obkey mkdir -p ~/.config/openbox cp /etc/xdg/openbox/{rc.xml,menu.xml,autostart,environment} ~/.config/openbox #obmenu配置右键菜单 #obmenu设置 #win+F1到F4是切换桌面
#登陆管理器slim https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Slim pacman -S slim systemctl enable slim.service #编辑.xinitrc,在最后加入(无论什么时候,都保持在最后) exec openbox-session #设置默认用户 vi /etc/slim.conf default_user saxon auto_login yes #主题 pacman -S slim-themes archlinux-themes-slim 编辑/etc/slim.conf中的current_theme那行,将"default"改为你想要的主题名,添加多个主题,使用,分隔就可以使用随机主题了 slim -p /usr/share/slim/themes/<theme name> 预览主题 current_theme archlinux,archlinux-simplyblack,archlinux-darch-grey,archlinux-darch-white,archlinux-soft-grey,capernoited,fingerprint,lake,parallel-dimensions,fbsd,slim-gentoo-simple 另外可以下载 pacman -S wget http://slim.berlios.de/themes/fbsd-slim-theme.tar.bz2 http://nchc.dl.sourceforge.net/project/slim.berlios/slim-gentoo-simple.tar.bz2
#openbox菜单自动生成工具,不推荐,具体配置见 https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Openbox 1、MenuMaker 需要执行命令 pacman -S menumaker mmaker -vf OpenBox3 2、xdg_menu 安装新软件自动生成,配置见 pacman -S xdg_menu 右键菜单很简单,直接编辑/home/新用户/.config/openbox/menu.xml文件,在你想加入图标的菜单项前面,写入ICO文件的路径与名称即可。 例如,下面是我的一个代码片段: < menu id="1" label="编程工具与文本编辑器" icon="icos/accessories-dictionary.png" >, 唯须注意的是,图片路径我使用的是相对路径,icos文件夹,在我的用户家目录里。icos文件夹中的图标, 是我从/usr/share/icons下去复制过来的。这里最好不要用绝对路径,否则可能有权限问题,图标不能显示出来。 3、obmenu-generator 带彩色图标,自动更新菜单,推荐 yaourt -S obmenu-generator obmenu-generator -p -i #生成菜单 ###############openbox美化 https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Openbox_Themes_and_Apps #主题(没啥用) pacman -S openbox-themes
#桌面图标 #桌面壁纸 nitrogen /wallperpath nitrogen --restore & #加入到openbox/autostart
#应用程序启动器dmenu
pacman -S dmenu
#快捷键设置,在.config/openbox/rc.xml的<keyboard> 段
<keybind key="A-F2">
<action name="Execute">
<execute>dmenu_run -fn -misc-fixed-*-*-*-*-20-200-*-*-*-*-*-* -i -b -nf 'gray' -sb 'dark green' -nb 'black'
</execute>
</action>
</keybind>
#文件管理器 1、thunar 支持插件和自动挂载功能 pacman -S thunar thunar-volman pacman -S gnome-icon-theme #文件夹图标 2、emelfm2 轻量级双面板 pacman -S emelfm2 3、桌面图标和壁纸,可以安装下面(桌面图标用处不大,放弃,采用nitrogen,具体见上面) pacman -S pcmanfm pcmanfm --desktop-pref 设置 pcmanfm --desktop & #加入.config/openbox/autostart #写个sh,放到auto里,每次重启就换桌面----定时任务更改配置无效 #/bin/bash s=`date +%M` num=$[$s/2] sed "s/[^/]*\.jpg/${num}.jpg/g" pcmanfm.conf.bak > pcmanfm.conf
4、鼠标主题 pacman -S xcursor-themes mkdir /usr/share/icons/default vim /usr/share/icons/default/index.theme添加 [Icon Theme] Name = whiteglass Inherits = whiteglass
#开启命令自动完成 pacman -S bash-completion 或 在~/.bashrc中加入: #Enabling tab-completion complete -cf sudo complete -cf man
#关机脚本 pacman -S zenity #!/bin/bash ans=$(zenity --list --title "退出系统" --text "操作列表"\ --你要干什么? --column "选择" --column "执行" \ 注销 logout 重启 reboot 关机 poweroff); echo $ans case $ans in '注销') echo "logout" killall openbox ;; '重启') echo "reboot" sudo reboot ;; '关机') echo "poweroff" sudo poweroff ;; esac 写到某个文件里,执行该文件就可以了,会弹出一个选择框的
#修改并美化桌面图标 1、启动pcmanfm,在”编辑“菜单的最下端是”偏好设置“,打开”偏好设置“,在”显示“选项卡中,设置”大图标尺寸“与”小图标尺寸“,即可改变桌面图标的大小,根据你屏幕的分辨率,你可以设置一个值,让你桌面的图标变得小巧好看。比如我的,设置的”大图标尺寸“是”32x32“,显示效果就很好; 2、在/usr/share/applications/下运行”桌面偏好设置“,设定桌面文字的字体与大小(比如我设的,是文泉驿微米黑,10号字)、再设定文本的颜色与文字阴影的颜色,稍稍细心一点,微调一下,整个桌面的效果就非常好
#窗体界面的美化
安装lxappearance工具,即可对GTK的窗体效果进行设置,以我安装的为例---
pacman -S lxappearance gtk-engines
上面命令,同时安上GTK的设置工具与GTK最常用的主题。其实可以任选一个主题做基础,然后自己在这个基础之上,自定义窗体、按钮的颜色与灰度等等。这个就不具体再展开聊了,安装完后,自己运行/usr/share/applications/下的”自定义外观和体验“,即可进行窗体的风格设置。如果有兴趣,那么可以在网上找到一大堆的各种主题风格包,下载下来在这里安装一下就行了。当然,最有成就感的,还是拿一个风格为底本,自己手工慢慢在这处底本之下,改出自己喜欢的主题风格出来。
#字体
#锁屏 1、自动锁屏 pacman -S slock #这个锁屏没有密码输入框,直接输入密码即可,xlockmore(密码框太丑) xscreensaver(难用) xautolock(没效果) vim /etc/oblogout.conf 更改lock行 #建议把这个配置里的内容加到菜单里,加入openbox的快捷键列表里 <keybind key="C-A-l"> <action name="Execute"> <command>slock</command> </action> </keybind> 2、屏保锁屏 #加入~/.config/openbox/autostart xscreensaver -no-splash &
#网络管理界面 1、wicd https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Wicd_(%E7%AE%80%E4%BD%93%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87) pacman -S wicd wicd-gtk notification-daemon 停止其他工具 systemctl stop netcfg systemctl stop dhcpcd@.service systemctl stop NetworkManager.service 禁用其他工具 systemctl disable netcfg systemctl disable dhcpcd@.service systemctl disable NetworkManager.service 添加服务 systemctl enable wicd.service 把自己帐号添加到users组 gpasswd -a saxon users 启动 systemctl start wicd 运行图形界面 wicd-client (wicd-client -n 不显示在通知区域) 2、NetworkManager (未成功) pacman -S network-manager-applet xfce4-notifyd hicolor-icon-theme gnome-icon-theme 移除/etc/xdg/autostart/nm-applet.desktop 在.config/openbox/autostart里加入 (sleep 3 && /usr/bin/nm-applet --sm-disable) &
#virtualbox虚拟机 pacman -S virtualbox virtualbox-guest-iso gksu modprobe -a vboxdrv vboxnetflt vboxnetadp vboxpci #加到/etc/modules-load.d/virtualbox.conf里实现自动挂载:vboxdrv vboxnetflt vboxnetadp vboxpci pacman -S virtualbox-guest-iso #更新内核自动编译模块 yaourt -S vboxguest-hook linux-headers 将vboxguest加入/etc/mkinitcpio.conf中的 HOOKS 数组,请留意linux(或者任何其它内核) 安装包的安装过程。 vboxguest hook 会提示是否有错误的。如果有报错,应该是headers没有更新或者优先更新 使用 pacman -Sy linux-headers && pacman -Su 让linux-headers先更新 pacman -S dkms systemctl start dkms.service systemctl enable dkms.service pacman -S virtualbox-host-modules virtualbox-host-dkms virtualbox-guest-dkms virtualbox-guest-modules
#conky 把.conkyrc拷贝到家目录下,然后加入到~/.config/openbox/autostart #安装软件 pacman -S vim terminator chromium guake ntfs-3g flashplugin openssh vlc pacman -S file-roller unrar zip unzip p7zip arj unace unarj
#翻译 pacman -S stardict 去http://abloz.com/huzheng/stardict-dic/下载安装词典
#图片查看器 pacman -S gpicview
#pdf查看器 pacman -S evince
#fcitx pacman -S fcitx-im #fcitx-googlepinyin https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Fcitx pacman -S fcitx-googlepinyin #在.xinitrc加入 export XIM=fcitx export XMODIFIERS="@im=fcitx" export GTK_IM_MODULE=fcitx export QT_IM_MODULE=fcitx export XIM_PROGRAM=fcitx #加入.config/openbox/autostart,在/etc/xdg/autostart/下有fcitx-autostart.desktop,所以不用加下面这行了 fcitx & #设置谷歌拼音、竖排、候选词9个 pacman -S fcitx-configtool fcitx-configtool #如果在chromium里无法使用,首先可以手动启动一下fcitx看看有什么报错,如果还是不行,就切换到root用户执行 /usr/bin/gtk-query-immodules-2.0 > etc/gtk-2.0/gtk.immodules
#安装yaourt vim /etc/pacman.conf #加入法国的源 [archlinuxfr] SigLevel = Optional TrustAll Server = http://repo.archlinux.fr/$arch pacman -Syu pacman -S abs abs(abs要运行两次) pacman -S yaourt
yaourt -S tint2-svn //不要了 找到# Panel: # Panel panel_items = LTSBC 找到新的一节# Launchers: # Launchers launcher_icon_theme = LinuxLex-8 launcher_padding = 5 0 10 launcher_background_id = 9 launcher_icon_size = 85 launcher_item_app = /some/where/application.desktop launcher_item_app = /some/where/anotherapplication.desktop #让任务栏可以右键打开openbox的桌面菜单 设置wm_menu的值为1
#tint2 https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Tint2 pacman -S tint2 #加入.config/openbox/autostart tint2 & tint2conf设置宽度100%
#窗口透明 https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Tint2 https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Xcompmgr 1、pacman -S xcompmgr #加入.config/openbox/autostart xcompmgr & #设置单个窗口的透明度设置工具(没啥用) pacman -S transset-df 2、yaourt -S compton-git(这个方法的透明好像只看到桌面) 在~/.config/compton.conf 里加入 # Shadow shadow = true; # Enabled client-side shadows on windows.(淡入淡出) no-dock-shadow = true; # Avoid drawing shadows on dock/panel windows. no-dnd-shadow = true; # Don't draw shadows on DND windows. clear-shadow = true; # Zero the part of the shadow's mask behind the # window. Fix some weirdness with ARGB windows. shadow-radius = 7; # The blur radius for shadows. (default 12) shadow-offset-x = -7; # The left offset for shadows. (default -15) shadow-offset-y = -7; # The top offset for shadows. (default -15) # shadow-opacity = 0.7; # The translucency for shadows. (default .75) # shadow-red = 0.0; # Red color value of shadow. (0.0 - 1.0, defaults to 0) # shadow-green = 0.0; # Green color value of shadow. (0.0 - 1.0, defaults to 0) # shadow-blue = 0.0; # Blue color value of shadow. (0.0 - 1.0, defaults to 0) shadow-exclude = [ "n:e:Notification" ]; # Exclude conditions for shadows. # shadow-exclude = "n:e:Notification"; shadow-ignore-shaped = true; # Avoid drawing shadow on all shaped windows # (see also: --detect-rounded-corners) # Opacity menu-opacity = 0.9; # The opacity for menus. (default 1.0) inactive-opacity = 0.9; # Default opacity of inactive windows. (0.0 - 1.0) # active-opacity = 0.8; # Default opacity for active windows. (0.0 - 1.0) # frame-opacity = 0.8; # Opacity of window titlebars and borders. (0.1 - 1.0) # inactive-opacity-override = true; # Let inactive opacity set by 'inactive-opacity' overrides # value of _NET_WM_OPACITY. Bad choice. alpha-step = 0.06; # XRender backend: Step size for alpha pictures. Increasing # it may result in less X resource usage, # Yet fading may look bad. # inactive-dim = 0.2; # Dim inactive windows. (0.0 - 1.0) # inactive-dim-fixed = true; # Do not let dimness adjust based on window opacity. # blur-background = true; # Blur background of transparent windows. # Bad performance with X Render backend. # GLX backend is preferred. # blur-background-frame = true; # Blur background of opaque windows with transparent # frames as well. blur-background-fixed = false; # Do not let blur radius adjust based on window opacity. blur-background-exclude = [ "window_type = 'dock'", "window_type = 'desktop'" ]; # Exclude conditions for background blur. # Fading fading = true; # Fade windows during opacity changes. # fade-delta = 30; # The time between steps in a fade in milliseconds. (default 10). fade-in-step = 0.03; # Opacity change between steps while fading in. (default 0.028). fade-out-step = 0.03; # Opacity change between steps while fading out. (default 0.03). # no-fading-openclose = true; # Avoid fade windows in/out when opening/closing. fade-exclude = [ ]; # Exclude conditions for fading. # Other backend = "xrender" # Backend to use: "xrender" or "glx". GLX backend is typically # much faster but depends on a sane driver. mark-wmwin-focused = true; # Try to detect WM windows and mark them as active. mark-ovredir-focused = true; # Mark all non-WM but override-redirect windows active (e.g. menus). use-ewmh-active-win = false; # Use EWMH _NET_WM_ACTIVE_WINDOW to determine which window is focused # instead of using FocusIn/Out events. Usually more reliable but # depends on a EWMH-compliant WM. detect-rounded-corners = true; # Detect rounded corners and treat them as rectangular when --shadow-ignore-shaped is on. detect-client-opacity = true; # Detect _NET_WM_OPACITY on client windows, useful for window # managers not passing _NET_WM_OPACITY of client windows to frame # windows. refresh-rate = 0; # For --sw-opti: Specify refresh rate of the screen. 0 for auto. vsync = "none"; # "none", "drm", "opengl", "opengl-oml", "opengl-swc", "opengl-mswc" # See man page for more details. dbe = false; # Enable DBE painting mode. Rarely needed. paint-on-overlay = false; # Painting on X Composite overlay window. Recommended. sw-opti = false; # Limit compton to repaint at most once every 1 / refresh_rate. # Incompatible with certain VSync methods. unredir-if-possible = false; # Unredirect all windows if a full-screen opaque window is # detected, to maximize performance for full-screen windows. focus-exclude = [ ]; # A list of conditions of windows that should always be considered # focused. detect-transient = true; # Use WM_TRANSIENT_FOR to group windows, and consider windows in # the same group focused at the same time. detect-client-leader = true; # Use WM_CLIENT_LEADER to group windows. invert-color-include = [ ]; # Conditions for windows to be painted with inverted color. # GLX backend # GLX backend fine-tune options. See man page for more info. # glx-no-stencil = true; # Recommended. glx-copy-from-front = false; # Useful with --glx-swap-method, # glx-use-copysubbuffermesa = true; # Recommended if it works. Breaks VSync. # glx-no-rebind-pixmap = true; # Recommended if it works. glx-swap-method = "undefined"; # See man page. # Window type settings wintypes: { tooltip = { fade = true; shadow = false; opacity = 0.75; focus = true; }; # fade: Fade the particular type of windows. # shadow: Give those windows shadow # opacity: Default opacity for the type of windows. # focus: Whether to always consider windows of this type focused. }; #加入.config/openbox/autostart compton --config ~/.config/compton.conf & #如果没有--config,会报错
#如果想开机小键盘灯亮 pacman -S numlockx #加入openbox/autostart numlockx &
#dropbox yaourt -S dropbox
#音量 yaourt -S pnmixer 在.config/openbox/autostart里加入 pnmixer &
#archlinux没有ifconfig命令 #ifconfig,route在net-tools中,nslookup,dig在dnsutils中,ftp,telnet等在inetutils中,ip命令在iproute2中。 pacman -S net-tools dnsutils inetutils iproute2
#美化 pacman 4.1.0 开始支持彩色输出,只需要在/etc/pacman.conf中取消 Color 行前面的注释即可使用。
#truecrypt pacman -S truecrypt
加loop模块自启动,lsmod查看是否已加载,modprobe loop加载 见https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Truecrypt
#XTerm中文方块 1、Ctrl+Right click。 2、Sudo vim /usr/share/X11/app-defaults/XTerm 大概102行或者附近改为如下:实际上是增大Xterm的默认字体大小 原 *VT100.utf8Fonts.font: -misc-fixed-medium-r-semicondensed--16-120-75-75-c-60-iso10646-1 改 *VT100.utf8Fonts.font: -misc-fixed-medium-r-normal--18-120-100-100-c-90-iso10646-1 如果有顾虑,可以将该行注释,重新写一行试试,测试中倒数第3个数字才是起作用的数字,从60改到90,马上好用了 修改颜色也在这里改,如:黑底绿字 XTerm*background: black XTerm*foreground: green XTerm*scrollbar: no
#netbeans菜单问题 修改 $NetBeans/etc/netbeans.conf 在 netbeans_default_options 里面添加 ” –fontsize 12″
#如果碰到未加入autostart,却自动启动的,可以查看/etc/xdg/autostart/和~/.config/autostart/里是否有*.desktop文件
#nautilus也可以管理桌面图标和背景,但是需要安装gnome-tweak-tool,这个软件会要求安装相当多的扩展 #当然也可以作为纯粹的文件管理器,优点是支持图片预览 #使用此工具的时候,启动使用如下:nautilus --no-desktop
#每装一个新软件都执行下面 mmaker -vf OpenBox3
#Ctrl-Alt-Backspace无法退出X
#无法加载'(null)'字体https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Xorg
#中文化 https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Arch_Linux_%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96
#终端彩色 https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Color_Bash_Prompt
#字体 https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Fonts https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Font_Configuration https://www.ibm.com/developerworks/cn/linux/l-cn-gnome/?S_TACT=105AGX52&S_CMP=techccid XDG基本目录规范定义了五个重要的环境变量。这些环境变量统一了所有相关MIME文件的位置。 $XDG_DATA_HOME:定义了用户相关的数据文件的基路径。如果这个变量为空,或没有定义,缺省路径$HOME/.local/share将被使用。 $XDG_CONFIG_HOME:定义了用户相关的配置文件的基路径。如果这个变量为空,或没有定义,缺省路径为$HOME/.config。 $XDG_DATA_DIRS:定义了除了$XDG_DATA_HOME外数据文件的搜索路径。超过一个的搜索路径用冒号分隔。如果这个变量为空,或没有定义,缺省路径为/usr/local/share/:/usr/share/。 $XDG_CONFIG_DIRS:定义了除了$XDG_CONFIG_HOME外的配置文件的搜索路径。超过一个的搜索路径用冒号来分隔。如果这个变量为空,或没有定义,缺省路径为/etc/xdg/。 $XDG_CACHE_HOME:定义了用户相关的非必须的数据的搜索路径。如果这个变量为空,或没有定义,缺省路径为$HOME/.cache。
用awesome窗口管理器(太麻烦,放弃) pacman -S awesome mkdir -p ~/.config/awesome/ cp /etc/xdg/awesome/rc.lua ~/.config/awesome
分类: Arch Linux, Linux
最近评论